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TFT-LCD

Combination Of Serial Screen And Artificial Intelligence

History

The history of the development of TFT color screen interface, Intel invented the 4004 microprocessor in 1971, launched the 16-bit bus 8086 in 1978, then launched the 80386 32-bit microprocessor, and then launched the 64-bit GHZ main frequency microprocessor after 1992. Moore's Law: Transistor density doubles every 18-24 months, achieving a million-fold performance jump from 4-bit to 64-bit.

TFT-LCD Interface Protocol-1

Display technology CRT era When I was a child, West Lake brand black and white TV, interface protocol VGA analog signal, resolution 640*480, DVA digital protocol in 1999. During this period, plasma display was developed, liquid crystal LCD was developed simultaneously, OLED and MicroLED were developed after 2020, and the development of material technology will also bring new display technology products. Human living standards are improving year by year, semiconductor technology and display technology are developing year by year, display size and resolution are increasing year by year, resolution 480p to 8K, display size 0.9 inches to 120 inches, and refresh rate jumping from static to 120Hz.

Experience

The display experience is improving year by year Inseparable from the development of interface protocols, the dinosaur era VGA (1987), VGA technology uses analog RGB signals, supports 640*480 resolution. Later, the digital parallel RBG interface (1990) was gradually developed, and with the popularization of TFT-LCD, it became the mainstream embedded solution. RGB interface has a large number of PINs and short distance, and the LVDS interface (1994) was developed due to technical difficulties, which solves long-distance anti-interference with low voltage and differential characteristics, and is widely used in vehicles and industrial control large screens, and has become the mainstream. HDMI (2002) was developed in response to the requirements of TV audio and video integration. MIPI-DSI (2006) was born due to the high integration, high refresh rate and high resolution of mobile devices, and now it has also become the mainstream of mobile applications. eDP (2009), the notebook display has high resolution, thinness and lightness, and high data volume, which can reduce wiring by 40% compared to LVDS, because eDP technology blesses the thickness of the notebook to exceed 15mm.

TFT-LCD Interface Protocol-2
TFT-LCD Interface Protocol-3

Breakthrough

High-performance protocols continue to evolve

MIPI-DSI: Increases bandwidth utilization by 300% through VDC-M compression technology, and supports autonomous driving of high-frame rate screens (such as 120Hz instrument clusters);

eDP: Dynamic Refresh Rate (DRR) technology reduces the power consumption of folding screens by 40%.

The embedded field is clearly differentiated

RGB: RGB is used in medical devices and industrial HMIs due to its lack of licensing fees and simple circuitry

LVDS: LVDS is limited by bandwidth bottlenecks (up to 1080p), and market share is squeezed out of the front-loading market by eDP.

The protocol ecosystem shifts to open collaboration: eDP is deeply integrated with the VESA DSC compression.

standard to achieve cross-platform compatibility.

The MIPI Alliance promotes the open source of DCS instruction sets and lowers the entry threshold for vendors.

HDMI interface protocol

HDMI2.1((2024): 48Gbps bandwidth, supports 8K@60Hz/4K@120Hz, and integrates VRR/ALLM game optimization technology;

HDMI 2.2 (2025): Double the bandwidth to 96Gbps, achieve 16K@60Hz/4K@480Hz super display, and add a new LIP delay synchronization protocol.

Summary

Summary: The cheap and easy-to-use TFT-LCD protocol is still the RGB and MCU protocol, and the price of small household appliances, industrial instruments, and the price is not high, and the appearance is greatly improved.

LVDS is still the mainstream of industrial screens, but the low resolution is gnawed by RBG, and the high resolution is gnawed by eDP, which is very uncomfortable. The MIPI protocol vertical screen, high-resolution, low-power mobile device applications are very good, and in the continuous evolution, only the CPU is more expensive.

eDP is also very good at playing, high-definition, large screen, and high resolution. Display performance PK synchronization, PK high resolution, PK high refresh rate, PK high contrast, PK low power consumption, must achieve a balance between function, performance, and price in order to be perfect!

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